Population & Environmental Geography MCQ Questions with Answers

Age-sex composition affects the growth and structure of a population rather than how it is spread over an area. Transport systems, climate, and soil influence where people can live and how densely areas are populated (access, habitability, resources). Age-sex determines birth rates and dependency ratios, which shape population size over time but not the immediate spatial distribution or density of people in a place.

The demographic dividend arises when a large working-age population (15-64 years) relative to dependents accelerates economic growth, provided there are gains in education, health, and employment. This age group forms the main labor force, driving production and productivity. In contrast, a high share of children (below 15) or elderly (above 65) increases dependency and lowers potential growth unless supported by policies. Among the options, 15-64 years (B) represents the working-age group that can yield higher savings, investments, and human capital outcomes. Options A, C, and D do not capture this working-age advantage.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh. Gaddis are a tribal community traditionally known for shepherding in the Himalayan regions of Himachal Pradesh, especially in districts like Chamba and Kangra and nearby areas. They have a distinct culture, dress, and language (Gaddi, a Western Pahari language). Other options are incorrect because Gaddis are not primarily associated with Rajasthan, Kerala, or Arunachal Pradesh.

Western Ghats is a global biodiversity hotspot located along the western edge of peninsular India. It spans several states and supports a very high level of endemic plant and animal species, along with rich habitats like forests, rivers, and montane ecosystems. The other options—Eastern Ghats, Purvanchal, and Northern Himalayas—do not belong to the globally designated hotspot list, though they are ecologically important. The term “biodiversity hotspot” is assigned to regions with high endemism and significant habitat loss, which the Western Ghats meet due to dense habitats and numerous protected areas.